Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a clean marine renewable energy using temperature difference between the sea surface and the deep ocean to rotate a generator to produce electrical energy. As Indonesia is an equatorial country located at latitudes less than 20 degrees covered by 77 % ocean, thousand islands, strain and many difference of topography, OTEC is very compatible build in Indonesian. This paper discussed the potential areas of OTEC to be applied in Indonesia. The paper proposed six regions that very high application of OTEC. They are West Sumatera, North Sulawesi, North and South Maluku and North Papua.
Ocean and Aerospace Engineering Research Institute, Indonesia
Malaysian government introduced Small Renewable Energy Power (SREP) Program in 2001. In this paper, it discussed the possibility to utilize ocean wave in Merang shore, Terengganu, Malaysia. Besides, this paper also discusses the current technologies have been used to convert wave energy to electricity. The work principle of the devices also present in this paper. After that, sea condition in Malaysia was explored to study the possibility of utilization of wave energy in Malaysia. Finally, It is found Merang shore is the idea location to utilize the wave energy in Malaysia. Mean wave height and mean wave period at the location are 0.95 meter and 3.5 second. Also, attenuator type wave converter developed by Wave Star was considered as one of the possible devices to install at the location. From the calculation, the research obtained that the total rate of electrical power possible to grid is 649 MWh a year if only one set of C5 Wave star device install at Merang shore, Terengganu.
Department of Aeronautic, Automotive and Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Over the last couple of decades, many researchers have studied to determine the impact from air pollution toward health on human risk in port operation for sustainability. Basically, the main aims of this project are to identify the emission for air pollution from ship in port area, determine the emission for air pollution from ship in port area and classify the risk on human health in near port area with comparing to air quality index (AQI) global category. Indonesia’s Batam Island is located near Singapore, which also under global shipping lanes. With large domestic and international shipping operation, total ship berthing in this port area of Batam increased from year-to-year. This data proved that level of air pollution in area port cannot be tolerated. The data had been obtained by co-operation from Politeknik Negeri Batam for the rating of emission in the year 2013. The total number of ships and also the total emission contributed by the ships in port and also during maneuvering require to be considered. The types of emission taken into account are emission of NOx, SOx, PM10, CO2, and CO. The obtained results indicate that the total emissions by ships increased with period growth of the total number of ships in the coming years. It is important to identify existing and potential impacts for health risk of the level emission in port. Therefore, the results obtained from this study are expected to guide and helps to minimize and control the level of air pollution in the port, the environmental impact of port operations and provide recommendations as future reference.
Department of Aeronautic, Automotive and Ocean Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
